I think that LINE is an internet calling app, so I could imagine that it can show you which other LINE users have your LINE number if it maintains a database centrally.
I guess that something that was sufficiently intrusive and had phonebook access permissions could slurp up the contacts of everyone who loads it, then cross-correlate them on a server, but if so they'd be very foolish to advertise the fact. I'm not a lawyer, but even if it isn't illegal it would surely get them into trouble. And they still would only have the info for people who installed that app.
As Dave says, clearly no app can show you everyone who has your phone number in their normal phonebook. Even the NSA/GCHQ can't trawl stuff that isn't uploaded anywhere, and for a normal app dev to have access to everyone's GMail/iCloud/etc accounts would be a truly scandalous security failure.