Most phones will adjust the exposure according to what you focus on, so try tapping on different parts of the image to see if you can find a balance that works for you. Or see what HDR options the camera app has and whether they give you enough.
But at the end of the day a phone camera has an itty-bitty sensor with a limited dynamic range, so expecting to be able to include the sun in an image without blowing the highlights might be unrealistic (at least without turning everything else very dark). If it can shoot raw you might be able to extract a bit more dynamic range in post-processing on a computer, but don't expect miracles. That's why I think an HDR mode is your best bet, but I won't make any promises that it will suffice.
