A SIM card retains your user account info and verification, it's used to authenticate your account on the phone with your carrier. It's not used as user file storage media, whatever user data that's on a SIM card will be incidental and minimal, what pertains only to your account. Since you weren't utilizing iCloud it's very unlikely you'll be able to restore your previous phone call history, unless there's some kind of downloadable history log that your carrier allows you to access. Log into your EE account online and there's likely to be some kind phone call history listing, but not likely to be something you can download and import into your phone's Phone app.
