Android app data are not normally stored in the publicly visible areas of the phone, but in a directory in /data/data that you can only access directly if you have root privileges. For sure calendar data will be stored that way (they usually belong to a system app called calendar storage, though an individual calendar app may also save its own unsynched data as well), I've never used the Samsung memo app so can't say for that one but it's very likely to be the same.
This means that you won't be able to find them just using USB file transfer.
Does this device allow any way of mirroring the screen to some other display? That might help you do what you need/.