A very simple explanation. Different batteries have a different charging speed based on A/h. A few years back, most of the phones can only charge at max 1A/h speed. So if you have 2000 mAh battery and have 1A charger, it will take you in theory 2 hours to charge your battery at max speed. Right now, most of the batteries/phones are 2A/h. So, that will be your charging speed and you have to be sure your Wall AC charger is rated and can supply 2A, usually marked on the charger. If you are plugging it into usb port of your laptop, that port can only supply 500mA, so you will be charged at 1/4 of the speed.
With that out of the way, here is a truth about charging cables. The thickness of the wire will determine the amount of current it can pass without bottle-necking the speed. If you are using thin usb cables for data transmission, they are intended for laptop/PC usb ports with 500mA speed and rated at max of probably 1A.
Every wire has AWG rating based on the thickness of it:
American Wire Gauge table and AWG Electrical Current Load Limits with skin depth frequencies and wire breaking strength - look at this table of AWG vs current. For 2A nominal charging speed, you need 24AWG wires (max 3.5A rating). Most of the usb charging cables don't specify AWG wire rating because they use cheap thin wires. If you want to know for sure, get monoprice cable:
3ft USB 2.0 A Male to Micro 5pin Male 28/24AWG Cable w/ Ferrite Core (Gold Plated) - Monoprice.com - which specifically tells you 24AWG for power wires (+5V and ground) and 28AWG for data wires.
Otherwise, just buy a bunch of cables and see which one will yield faster charging - that on will have thicker wires
Also, if you have Galaxy phone, there is an app which can tell you your charging speed. Otherwise, you can also get Charging Doctor gadget (for a few bucks, look into a list of all my reviews, link in the signature, also a sticky in this forum).
Hope this helps!
