Did you follow the specific instructions that Microsoft gives here?
https://support.office.com/en-gb/ar...-android-eee1d31c-792d-41d4-8132-f9621b39eb36
<span style='font-size:18px';>Automatically upload photos and videos you take (personal OneDrive accounts only)</span>
When you sign in to OneDrive for the first time, you'll be asked if you'd like to automatically upload photos and videos you take on your phone to OneDrive. Tap
Turn on to turn on automatic upload. You can also turn this on from
Settings. Here's how:
- In the OneDrive app, tap the Me icon at the bottom of the app, then tap Settings .
- Tap Camera upload.
- Set Camera upload to On.
Notes:
- Camera backup is available only on devices running Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich) or later.
- To help preserve your device battery while downloading, select the Upload only when charging checkbox.
- All photos and videos will be uploaded at their original sizes when you're on a Wi‑Fi network. If you want to use your mobile network, open the OneDrive app, open Settings, tap Camera backup, tap Upload using, and choose Wi‑Fi and mobile network.
- The camera roll on your device uploads to OneDrive, rather than syncing. That means you can delete uploaded photos and videos from your device, and the copies in OneDrive won't be affected.