An alternative suggestion is to use wireless transfer, bypassing the need for a USB cable or MTP/PTP/mass storage settings for different OS's. I use the AirDroid app, which only requires you to install the app on your phone and that your phone is connected to the same local network as your computer. No need to install drivers/software on the computer either as you just use any browser as the interface to connect to your phone over WiFi.
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sand.airdroid&hl=en
Once you install the app, start it up, and ignore anything referring to signing up for an online AirDroid account. (It will work fine without one as long as you're just using your own WiFi, the online account is for when you want to do things remotely over the Internet.) In the top 'AirDroid Web' section it shows
www.airdroid.com that you want to avoid (that's the online account link) and directly underneath that is an IP address based off you're local network (IP address with a port number). As an example mine is
http://10.0.0.4:8888 (10.0.0.4 being my phone's IP and 8888 the port I.D. In the app's Settings you can change the default port it uses if for some reason you find it necessary.) Enter that exact address

ort into browser tab on your computer and on your phone you'll be prompted to reject or allow a connection. Tap Allow and the browser window will fill up with a simulated interface of your phone where you can transfer files to and from your phone and computer.
Works with Linux, Mac, and Windows and any browser so it's not limited to any platform. So whenever you need to transfer files, basically all you need to do is launch the app on your phone, type in the indicated IP

ort number into your computer's browser, then tap the 'Allow' button in the app.
If you're doing file transfers frequently you might want to give your phones reserved IP addresses (through your router's set up page). At home I have a bookmark in my browsers so with my phone having a 'fixed' IP all I need to do is start up AirDroid on my phone and click on the bookmark in whichever computer browser I'm using.