You can apply that kind of thinking to something like a frying pan but not with smartphone. It doesn't apply to laptop, or a desktop PC either. Old, below-spec hardware is always going to be limited in functionality and have performance issues, and when in involves a newer operating system and/or modern-day online services, it only gets worse. That Galaxy J1 with only 512MB of RAM and a 800x480 resolution screen was a way-below spec phone even when it was released three years ago, its meager hardware configuration just doesn't correlate with a phone that a typical person uses a smartphone for. The issue being this isn't a matter where you need to 'buy a new phone everyday', it's just a matter not buying a crippled phone to begin with. And no, no one is telling you that you have to spending a $1000 for a flagship phone. There are any number of that are very adequate as daily-usage phones in the $400-$100 range (often unlocked) or even below $100 if you're willing to get a carrier-locked, branded phone through your carrier.
https://thewirecutter.com/reviews/best-budget-android-phone/
As for a that quick fix you're apparently seeking, there isn't one. At least not one that will last more than a few days at most. No matter if you have 4GB or 8GB of internal storage, that's just too small amount. A more realistic minimum of internal storage is starting at 16GB, an amount that's even now becoming dated; and as for 512MB of RAM, that's much too low a number. RAM is the memory that your phone loads the operating system and running apps into, what you interact with doing anything on your phone. Currently 2GB is a common minimum, and like internal storage even this amount is becoming dated.
If you want to just keep your J1, you need to set your expectations down to match its limited capabilities (and keep in mind things are only going to get worse as most online services will involve more system resources from your phone to use them) or you just need to get used doing basic maintenance tasks to clear up a few MBs of storage space every few days, or even daily.
Or just stop living in denial (we all do this about some aspect in our lives) and just upgrade to a more appropriate phone. Get one where you can just pick it up every day and it just works, not one where each time you pick it up there may or may not be some kind of out-of-memory message to deal with.