So do you store lot of data on your microSD card? Are any other file types also getting corrupted like that?
Also, please provide more details about that card itself. How old is it? Is it a brand name make and model, or just some generic card?
https://www.sdcard.org/developers/overview/speed_class/
Also, is the Camera app on your phone set to store photos/videos to the internal storage, or the microSD card?
-- If the former, how were you moving those photos from internal storage to the card? Using a file manager app running on your phone, or remotely over USB using the file manager of whatever operating system is running on the connected computer? Try using a file manager app on your phone to do basic file/folder management tasks, whenever you're relying on the file manager of a different operating system (Windows Explorer or Mac's Finder) it's always going to be a matter where the OS is trying to work with a non-native file system.
-- If the latter, try copying any relevant, saved files off of it and reformat the card. You could do this on a computer but note that the card's file structure is going to be based on being optimal for the native operating system on that computer (i.e. Windows wants things like default block sizes to be optimal for Windows, etc.). Format the card in your phone through its Settings menu instead. Now do a couple of photo tests with photos and videos and see how well they fare when stored on the card.
While you still need to look into this microSD card issue, as
@ocnbrze suggested it might be best to just install an app like Google Photos.
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.apps.photos&hl=en_US
If you prefer the user interface in the Gallery app, you'll have the option to just continue using Gallery or Google Photos as your phone's photo manager but an important aspect to Google Photos is it includes a backup and sync function. Once implemented it will copy your entire photo library up into your online Google account. That way, when you need to access your photos you can do so either on your phone or when you're on your computer use a browser and go to:
https://photos.google.com
It's really important to have a good backup solution in place. Do not expect your phone to be a safe, long-term storage option. If it gets stolen or lost, or it just fails for whatever reason you don't want to lose anything vital. Look into using Samsung's Smart Switch utility to back up your data:
https://www.samsung.com/us/smart-switch/