I've tried this between my mates Galaxy S3 and my One X and it didn't work.
Both phones gave an indication that they noticed each other but when I chose the option to send a picture to his S3 nothing happened.
When he tried to send to me though, my phone took me to the Play store and was shown a message saying the app wasn't available for my device. I don't know what the app was, but I still could receive his picture.
So it might work, just not between all NFC-enabled Android devices.