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There is no shutter or iris in these phone cameras.
A "shutter" is implemented by reading the sensor faster or slower, but since you have no separate control over the aperture (the F number) the camera uses the shutter speed to correctly expose the image.
The only way to prevent over-exposure is to use an external neutral density filter.
Note also that
- the Pro mode is not saved so has to be re-selected whenever the camera app is started (probably a bug)
- the Pro mode saves the pic (jpeg or raw according to selection) in a different location, and it won't store it to the SD card even if the SD card is selected as the destination in the app and the SD card symbol appears on-screen (another bug)
Currently there aren't many (any?) 3rd party apps which work properly on the S7. I am using Camera FV5 which worked on the S6 but on the S7 it has various bugs (RAWs are saved at zero size, the sharpness control doesn't work, etc).
A neutral density filter is a filter which reduces the intensity of light reaching the sensor without altering other properties (tint, polarisation, etc). You can buy them for real cameras from a camera shop.
I've never heard of one for a phone, since phones don't come with any attachment to fit such things to. You could always buy one for a camera and hold it over the lens, but awkward wouldn't begin to describe that.