Basically an IMAP account maintains the mail on the server while a POP account moves it to the local client. If you check your email in an IMAP account and find 20 new messages but read only ten of them, when you check later from a different computer or device new mail plus all twenty messages are there, with 10 marked as read. If it were a POP account, there would be only new mail and the earlier twenty would only exist on the machine or phone you checked. If you told POP to leave a copy on the server, it would download a copy to each client that checked leaving multiple copies permanently on each machine.
Similar with sent mail.