Im not familiar with Android 10 or the Note 10+ but what you describe it might be that the OTA update was corrupted during the download process. This not common but it does happen from time to time. In fact, I recently helped someone fix this very issue on a Note 8. No need Booting into Safe Mode is of no use after factory reset. Flashing the official firmware via Smartswitch will fix the issues on your Note 10+, however, it wouldn't be my first choice.
1 Try searching by device, carrier, and update to see if others are also experiencing the same issues.
2 Use the warranty and take it to your service provider.
Keep in mind I dont have a Note 10+.