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Doesn't appear to be any support for UMS in ICS. At the moment you need a computer that supports MTP. You might consider FTP over WiFi if MTP support is a problem (you didn't say what type of computer you have).
I had the same experience. Windows XP recognizes only the camera and I can no longer access the external SD card. I will try it on a Windows 7 computer and see that works. I suppose I could take out the external SD card, make any changes using a card reader, and then reinstall it. But that's pretty clunky - even if it works.
So Windows 7 should support MTP (which is a lot like UMS but actually better). I'm running Windows 7 and ICS on my E4GT ... when i plug in my phone I get a pop-up for an "SPH-D710" device and options to open a folder. Then I see folders for "Card" and "Phone". I'm not sure why it wouldn't work for you or what to suggest.
As for FTP, you need a server on your phone (I use FTPServer from the Market) and a client on your PC (I use FileZilla). You make a WiFi connection (from the client to the server) and can transfer files either direction.
Without hacking my phone is there any hope of going back to the old view and functionality while at work on Win XP? Im stuck with it at work but have win 7 at home and the phone works fine there.