The number of cores.
Seriously, though, the more you speed up a processor, the more heat it generates. And, eventually (some heavily simplified physics here) the wave function of the electrons gets wider than the wire the electron has to go through, so the whole thing just stops working. (IOW, you get get it to go faster, but not too much faster.) To get faster processing, you build 2 (or 4 or 8 or ...) CPUS and split the work between them. Since anything on the chip is faster than the same thing on another chip, you build all the CPUs (cores) on the same chip.
It kinda-sorta works, but give it 20 years or so and people will be laughing at the concept.