How do you use a fingerprint without knowing your security code? Every phone with a fingerprint reader I've used will periodically ask for the code to verify that it's really you (since fingerprint is regarded as weaker security than a PIN or password)?
I assume from the question that you've not synched any of your data? For example if you stored your contacts as "Google" contacts they will automatically be backed-up to your GMail account unless you have changed settings to stop this. I think Samsung used to do the same with Samsung accounts, but as I never created a Samsung account even for my Samsung device I'm not certain. I would however suggest checking your GMail contacts via a browser to see whether they have been backed up already (and maybe also check things like Google photos as well).
Otherwise, unless you set the phone up so that it would allow USB debugging without unlocking the screen (and you'd probably know if you had) you are probably stuck unless you can remember your code.