OK, I think part of the confusion is tied to Android's by-design naming convention where the internal storage memory in our phones at one time was identified as 'SDcard' while actual removable micro SDcards were identified as 'extSDcard'. On older versions of Android (which I'm assuming is most likely what your Nexus S is running, and I just looked up your phone specs and a hat tip to you for keeping a 2010 model running BTW), if in a file manager app on the phones that did have a slot for micro SDcards you'd see two separate volumes, one SDcard (internal) and one extSDcard (removable). The confusing part being the internal memory storage is not actually a SDcard, it's a solid state chip soldered to the phone's motherboard. So whichever file manager you're using on your Nexus S will show your phone's storage media labeled as 'SDcard' but in reality it's hardware chip.
ifixit has a great teardown of a Nexus S if you want to see the guts of your phone:
https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Nexus+S+Teardown/4365
Anyway, the less than elegant suggestion I posted previously didn't involve a PC, it was based on a using a terminal like 'Terminal Emulator for Android', a free app you can just install from Google Play. But it does require you to be familiar with at least basic Linux command line tasks. (The Linux kernel is what Android is based upon.) If you're well versed in Windows DOS or PowerShell that's only going to be of limited benefit.
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=jackpal.androidterm
About the only other thing I can think of is using a file manager to open up the directories you want and just taking a screen shot. I know you're looking for something that results in an editable text file but an image file is at least a last resort solution.
http://www.quickscreenshots.com/nexus-s/