Sounds like either:
1) The SD card reader went bad or the connector got gummed up. Remove it. Clean it if possible. Reinsert it a few times. Or...
2) The SD card got corrupted. Try reading it on a PC or Mac. If the PC or Mac can read it, then the problem is NOT the card. If the PC or Mac can't read it, then the problem is the card. You could try running a disk-check/error-check/repair. Otherwise you might have to reformat the disk (and lose all of your data).
Good luck!