Help Sign-in error after checking email on desktop

[GenoWhirl]

I have a Samsung Galaxy S3 with Android version 4.0.4. I have my university email (we use gmail as our email provider), contacts, and calendar synced to my phone. When ever I check my university email on a desktop I get an exclamation point in a triangle error with the message "Sign-in error for ******@university.edu" on my mobile. I then get the message that I have entered a wrong password or my account has changed and I have to put in my password again on my mobile. I cannot sync my email, contacts, or calendar until I put in my password. Is there a way to check my email on a desktop without having to put my password into my phone every time? Thanks!