Containers
A container is a file format that stores video and audio. The actual video/audio/etc contained within it remains the same, you can take it out and put it in another container with reasonable ease.
To get to the contents of a container you need a splitter. A splitter takes the container and splits it into its various components (ie the video and the audio). The codecs can then use this to play the video/audio for you.
TS (Transport Stream)
TV is transmitted in a transport stream container(.ts extension), it helps reduce problems from errors in the stream by splitting the video into little chunks.
A consequence of this is that it takes up more room than other containers.
MKV (Matroska)
A lovely little container that lets you put anything inside it: Video, Audio, Subtitles, random files...
AVI (Audio Video Interleave)
Not so nice as MKV, wasn't originally even supposed to allow divx/xvid ... but that's what you'll see it used for. Doesn't support subtitles.
MP4
The 'official' container for h264. In this you can put:
Video: h264, mpeg2, xvid/divx
Audio: AAC, mp3 (and some random other audio codecs).
Subs: MPEG-4 Timed Text (
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_17), .srt
DOES NOT support DTS or AC3 which are the main audio codecs you'll see here.
WMV
Microsoft container..you pretty much just get WMV video and audio in this.
Codecs
A codec (stands for COmpressor-DECompressor or Coder-DECoder) is a method of encoding video or audio to a smaller size so it can be transmitted/stored.
H.264/MPEG-4 AVC aka x264,h264,AVC
H.264, MPEG-4 Part 10, or AVC, for Advanced Video Coding, is a digital video codec standard which is noted for achieving very high data compression.
I've split this into 2 parts because they're split into different categories on the site.
x264 is a program that encodes videos into h264. The x264 category on the site are all encodes created by this program.
The h264 category contains streams from TV. These are generally alot higher bitrate than videos encoded using x264 (and so higher quality).
h264 is widely used in europe (by SKY HD, BBC HD, Premiere...) as a replacement for mpeg2. At most bitrates this outperforms mpeg2.
This is also transmitted in a TS container (same as mpeg2).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X264
XviD/DivX
Xvid (formerly "XviD") is a free and open source MPEG-4 video codec.
Xvid is a primary competitor of DivX (Xvid being DivX spelled backwards). While DivX is closed source and may only run on Windows, Mac OS and Linux, Xvid is open source and can potentially run on any platform.
xvid/divx is similar in quality to that of h264, however they do work in slightly different ways.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XviD
MPEG2
All the MPEG2 content you will see on this site is straight from tv. TV in america (primary source for HD content) uses the MPEG2 codec. HD from TV will come in a TS container (see the TS section above).
MPEG2 is also the codec used for DVD Video. It isn't as highly compressed as divx/h264 which makes it easier to play back (uses less cpu), but has larger filesizes.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2
WMV aka WMV9, VC-1
Created by microsoft this codec is commonly found on WMV HD DVDs and HD DVDs. Note the first is a regular dvd, and the second is the new HD DVD. The VC-1 codec is also a possibility for Blu-Ray disks.
DTS aka Digital Theater System
DTS (also known as Digital Theater Systems), owned by DTS, Inc. (NASDAQ: DTSI), is a multi-channel digital surround sound format used for both commercial/theatrical and consumer grade applications (with significant technical differences between home and commercial/theatrical variants.
(Didn't read all of the stuff wiak put) DTS is a high quality audio codec. It is, however, larger than Dolby Digital (AC3) so is not used as often here.
DTS cannot be transmitted in a TS container, so you won't see that around.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Theater_System
Dolby Digital aka AC3
Dolby Digital is the most used multi channel audio format on HDTV content, nearly all movies has atleast a Dolby Digital 5.1 384kbps audiotrack.
Dolby Digital is the audio type you'll see in all transport streams.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby