Symptoms are VERY similar to when the first OG Droid came out, people were using cheap ebay chargers with the wrong pinout. In fact, just doing this once, would then have the same problem, even on a factory charger, hence the diagnosis of permanent damage from that charger.
I just wanted to put that out there since newbies might not be aware of that issue.
All that said.... don't reboot while on computer usb, there **might** be an issue there when connected to a computer... but rebooting without the usb will fix that 100% of the time (tied to battery reporting problems).
If all else fails.... back everything up and do a factory reset.... if that fails, call VZW and make sure you tell them you did a factory reset..... usually asking for tier 2 if you are technical can help speed the process.