Sometimes though you get a weird version of NAND failure. I have a Galaxy S5 that even wiped is showing the available storage at less than 1.5 GB. It's a 16GB device. I attributed it to the storage slowly going read-only. I heard SD cards can do it partially or fully as well. Unlike mechanical HDDs, solid state storage instead of having 'bad sectors' have bits go read only with enough write cycles. The storage seems to slowly go less and less. Maybe it's just how I'm perceiving it but someone explain the S5's issue.
Even with the OS taking some up, you should have somewhere around 5-6 GB of storage.
Keep in mind however that the data from apps is also counted. The setting that shows what app is using the most is not exactly true. One time I had my largest app showing as using only 500 MB of storage--YouTube Music. going one level deeper into the settings for said app showed it having 10 GB of 'data' aka its ability to download some music offline for convenience or the 'offline mixtape.'
So your apps can have some storage use that's not counted by the system.