Bobcat I'm not sure I understand all of your questions.
Let's start with the last one - how do you get different screens - don't know what you're asking there.
Battery status color is under menu > settings > cyanogenmod settings > user interface > status bar > battery percentage and battery percentage color. I've messed with those setting a lot and couldn't get a color that I could consistently read without reading glasses. I could never find a color that contrasted with both the 'full' battery color and the 'empty' battery color. So I broke down and downloaded BattStat from the market and put it's widget on my home screen. Much easier to read!
Some items on the status bar will allow you to change their color. Play around in the area that I sent you to above, and also in the 'notifications' settings which is on the same menu as 'status bar'. There are LOTS of things to play with under CyanogenMod settings, you'll want to spend some time there.
Last, I don't see a temperature in the notification bar in the pics above, so I'm assuming you're looking at the 1x1 widget on his home screen. I couldn't say for sure which widget that is, there are plenty to choose from. Personally I use Weatherbug for my weather widget. I use a 2x1 widget it has a 1x1 widget also.
And lastly, I've found that my eyes prefer a vanilla theme over a custom theme. I believe the devs are enough years younger than us that they don't yet have to think about how easy something is to read and can still just think about whether or not it looks cool.