I deploy and support Exchange servers at small and medium size businesses. My own Galaxy Note is connecting to an Exchange server 2007. The changes to security settings that I would expect of are the acceptance of the server's control over your device. Exchange can, and usually is, configured to require policies that allow it to remotely wipe your device (i.e., your device is stolen), require password autolock, and other things like that. If you're going to join your computer to the business's network of trusted devices, it will need to bow down to the king . . . er, server(s). That server will need to be setup correctly too -- static Public IP address, correct ports open on your firewall, real SSL certificate from someone like Godaddy Verisign etc.... If the iPhone users are working fine you should be able to work.
Example info:
Internal AD domain name: contoso.local
public domain name: contosoinc.com
Internal server name: exch1.contoso.local
public server name: remote.contosoinc.com
Network user name: jdoe
email address
John.Doe@contosoinc.com
Enter your Exchange server settings like this.
Domain\User name
contoso\jdoe
password
******
Exchange server
remote.contosoinc.com
1 Use secure connection (SSL)
0 Accept all SSL certificates
0 Use client certificate
1= checkmark 0=no checkmark
