I found this on another forum and it worked for me. I have a Motorola Atrix running V2.3.4.
Apparently there is a sync "enable" button that is akin to the GPS / Network / Bluetooth switch. To get to it (per the other forum), I simply added an Android Widget onto my screen that was called "Power Control". On the widget, the button that was 2nd from the right was the Sync toggle button...and it was grayed out. As soon as I selected it (green bar underneath) I had syncing. After getting it turned on I just dragged the widget to my wastebasket so as to never run the risk of disabling it again.
From here I went into the sync options for my Google accounts (Settings->Accounts->Google) and there they were - the check boxes to let me enable/disable automatic syncing. I turned this on yesterday and my emails, calendars and contacts have been syncing immediately.
The only thing I can think of is that for some very strange reason, this switch was disabled out of the box. Unlike the GPS, Network and Bluetooth toggles which you can get to easily, I was never able to find the Sync toggle without the widget. Go figure!
Also, this is supposed to get your Facebook sync going real-time as well.
I hope this works for you like it worked for me!