i moved you to the galaxy ace root forums, since you are asking sort of a root question.
now you are combing a bunch of terms.
clockwork mod is a recovery and yes, you need to be rooted to have it.
a kernels is a bit of software that helps communicate the hardware(phone) to the software (android os, rom). it is designed to conrol power between the two. and yes you do need to be rooted to use a custom kernel. however, a non rooted phone will have a stock kernel.
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