You're in a T-Mobile HSPA+ 42 area. The Note II supports HSPA+ 42 while the Galaxy Nexus only supports up to HSPA+ 41. So it's got nothing to do with throttling. Your friend's phone simply supports a faster network.
I'm on a T-Mobile prepaid plan and my speeds on the N4 are just about that much improved over what I used to get on my GN, same network, same plan.
I imagine it is a typo, but the Galaxy Nexus is HSPA+ 21.