Why are people so quick to dismiss the $200 price tag. It does not impossible, but it's possible Google is simply doing this to gain market share in the mobile industry.
$700 loss per phone is a bit ridiculous to claim. Also, don't forget that gaming consoles are sold at losses as well (I know, they get it back from software licensing).
The $700 cost per phone (or even $599, which I think is the official MSRP for the DROID) is complete fiction. Not that you don't pay that... if you want an unlocked DROID, you can buy one on Mot's web store for just that $599.
The point here... you really don't pay full MSRP for any other consumer item. A few things, like iPods and Nintendos are price controlled, but most consumer electronics are very heavily discounted. And even the MSRPs are set based on competition.
None of that happens in the US cellphone market -- you get a subsidized price that basically reflects the tier of phone you're buying. $10-$20... basic dumb phone (probably some are free online this month). $40-$60, beefed up web/multimedia phone. $100, very basic smart phone or high-end "lifestyle" multimedia phone. $200 gets you the premium smart phone. Nothing at all is based on the actual MSRP, but that's good, since the actual MSRP itself is largely a work of fiction.
If you want to guesstimate the actual retail price of a smart phone, were there no subsidies, price something similar. For example, the typical Smart Phone isn't much different these days than an iPod Touch or a Zune HD. Add a $5.00 cellular modem, a $2.50 CMOS camera, not much else... you probably already have Wifi, Bluetooth, fast applications processor, 3D graphics, etc. Now triple that cost, and you'll find the real-world change to MSRP in a competitive market. Or, just figure the "phone" version is about the same price as the non-phone version with flash upgrade (eg, the 16GB phone probably runs about the price of the 32GB non-phone).
So, could an Android phone be sold, profitably, at $200? Maybe.. I found the Zune HD on Amazon for $200... so yeah, an Android phone could definitely be sold, unlocked, at a profit, for $200. A really competitive one? That might run a bit more, but if Google really wanted to push these out with no profit at $200 or subsidized at $100, they could.
The problem I have with the claim is Google's incentive. Their move into smart phones was clear - they needed to prevent control of the smart phone market (and thus, smart-phone driven web search) by any company, such as Apple or Microsoft, who might be able to lock down the browser and/or search engine default (which is certainly the case on the iPhone... Apple won't let you use any other web browser). This is clear. But they did this, Android is now, after a year, the fastest growing smart phone platform, with support from every major cell phone maker except Apple, Palm, and RIM (even Nokia is using it on a tablet... Nokia's already supporting two smart phone OSs, neither of which has been successful in the USA, so it's quite possible they'll support Android at some point).