https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCD
If you go with the 32 bit version, you don't need to install the libraries mentioned in the Mini-SDK thread.
Here's information I've given others -
Make a live whatever of ubuntu, all directions here -
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCD
You want rev 12.04 LTS, also linked above.
Booting is not fast. Even when it looks up, give a few minutes.
The only snag people seem to hit sometimes is getting networking up so give it a test run, and if it causes trouble, it's still fixable. (I understand the newer Windows will shut down the NIC before shutdown and you many have to go into device manager to stop that - again, we have a thread on that, I'm not a Windows guy.) Reasonable to expect that you'll get a driver pop-up and then a lan card icon in your upper right. Tap that to config your wifi drivers if it comes up. At that point, I prefer to tap the empty wifi icon and uncheck wifi, give it half a minute and then repeat to check it back on. That seems to scan more quickly for networks in my case.
If network problems persist, see -http://androidforums.com/computers/646562-ethernet-problems-in-ubuntu-12-04-a.html
If you email yourself our Mini-SDK zip file, or a link to it, you can go right to your Gmail in Firefox.
Anything you get will go to your downloads folder.
Open a command window with control-all-t and go to your download from your home directory -
cd Downloads
unzip *.zip
Go to the sdk-tools directory and
sudo ./adb-linux devices