Google can track what ever they want. Battery, data, location, app usage. Its their software and can do what they want with it. If you don't want Google tracking you at all, buy a dumb phone that does just calls and texts and stop complaining.
It's not that simple, although that's about as far as most people want to take it.
First, Google can't track whatever they want. There are laws that require an agreement between the user and provider that is within the confines of current laws. Of course Google will push the envelope and most people don't read the agreements past "click here to agree". And, it's not really their software in the sense that they own it. It's a conglomeration of software bits and pieces licensed and cross-licensed. Apple, Microsoft, Oracle, Samsung, Apache and many others aside from Google's development have a hand in Android ... and pretty much every device that requires an OS to operate.
Everybody collects data these days. Google, sure, that's their business model, but so do almost every retail store you walk into, any website you log on to, your phone calls, bridge tolls, tax returns, magazine subscriptions ... ad nauseum. To take yourself completely off the grid, you'd have to become an Orwellian "unperson".
Buying a feature phone or dumb phone isn't going to prevent tracking. Many have GPS chips in them and they still can track your movements through cell tower triangulation. Your calls all still go through the same networks and the carriers can dump as much data as they want because you probably agreed to it when you signed up.
Privacy isn't about being invisible. Privacy is, in my opinion, about trying to regulate technology to enforce basic concepts of respect and dignity.
That's the world we live in.